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Climate vulnerability

Why does climate change fall hardest on the countries with the least capacity to respond?

3.6bn
people live in contexts highly vulnerable to climate change
IPCC, 2022
$65bn
in flood damage prevented each year by mangroves, which shield some 15 million people
Scientific Reports, 2020
Climate vulnerability is linked to the wealth of nations as closely as their geography: the most exposed countries are largely low-income, with limited cash reserves and weak infrastructure to absorb shocks.
As farmland dries and coasts flood, people are forced to move: the World Bank projects over 200 million internal climate migrants by 2050. A major natural disaster wipes out years of development. As land and water grow scarce, competition for them feeds increasing conflict.
Sahel
High severity

Worsening drought and heat are pushing farming and herding past their limits.

These are the most acute regions and notable examples; the problem reaches many other countries too.