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Learning crisis

Why does school fail to teach 7 in 10 children in poor countries to read?

70%
of ten-year-olds in low- and middle-income countries cannot read a simple story
World Bank, 2022
2×
the share of pupils reading fluently in Kenya after scripted daily lessons were rolled out nationwide
World Bank / KNEC, 2019
The learning crisis hides inside a success story: most children in low-income countries now go to school, but school is not teaching them to read.
Children who never learn to read earn far less as adults and are excluded from formal work, leaving fast-growing economies short of skilled workers. And a parent who never learned to read cannot give their own child the early grounding school expects, so the next generation starts just as far behind.
Sub-Saharan Africa
High severity

Most ten-year-olds here cannot read a simple story; in 2021 South Africa scored last of 57 countries in the PIRLS reading test, with 81% of Grade 4 pupils unable to read for meaning.University of Pretoria / South Africa Department of Basic Education, 2023

Even wealthy countries struggle: many 15-year-olds lack basic reading skills, and the pandemic caused an unprecedented drop in test scores worldwide.OECD, 2023